The beds allow in a separate area to create the most favorable conditions for certain crops. It is important from the very beginning to correctly position the plants on the surface of the earth in order to get a good harvest.
I am an agronomist and practicing gardener. I will tell you about the most common types of beds.
What are the beds
All horizontal beds are divided into three types: those that are flush with the ground, elevated and trench beds. In shape, they can be rectangular, polygonal, round or tiered. There are no standards for arranging beds. Each gardener makes them depending on their requirements and preferences.
All beds are divided into temporary and permanent. The first ones are done annually: they plow part of the site and mark the places for planting. Permanent beds are built every few years. In this case, the land is cultivated only inside the fence.
Vegetable beds are usually made in the brightest part of the garden. At the same time, attention should be paid to the climatic conditions of the region, soil moisture, groundwater level, soil composition and pH, and the type of crop being planted. The type of beds is chosen depending on these features.
How to make classic beds
Classical beds are located flush with the ground, they do not have any additional structures. To make them, you need to dig up the garden.
Then a plot is formed at the right place. To do this, the earth is thrown from the tracks to the places of future furrows. Their width is usually no more than 1 m, length - no more than 10 m.
How to make raised beds
High beds are considered stationary, that is, they are always in the same place. They are elevated above the ground.
High beds are considered stationary, that is, they are always in the same place, but strongly elevated above the ground.
High beds save the area of the site allotted for the garden, facilitate the care of plants. For example, weeds do not germinate so powerfully here, and water and fertilizers dotted reach the roots of plants. The earth warms up faster, so you can plant seeds and seedlings earlier than usual. On high beds, it is also easy to set up arches and cover the soil with plants.
Typically, the minimum height of such beds is 25 cm, in a problem area - 30 cm, the maximum figure can reach 70 cm.
If the bed is higher than 70 cm, it is better to put any organic waste on the bottom: cleaning from the kitchen, branches or paper. In winter, in such a plot, the soil can freeze a lot, which will disrupt its structure, so there is no need to make a bed that is too high.
The standard width of high beds is 40–80 cm, the paths are made 50 cm wide. In this case, it is necessary to take into account which crop will be planted here. The best option is when no more than three rows of plants are located on one bed. In this case, they receive the maximum possible amount of sunlight, and the seedlings do not interfere with each other.
High beds also have disadvantages - in a rainy summer, moisture stagnation can occur, so it is better to fill a layer of drainage to the bottom when forming a bed. These areas in the heat need to be watered more often - plants on high beds suffer more from sunlight and dry soil than on classic ones. On hot days, the ground also heats up more, which can cause plants to develop more slowly.
High beds are suitable for growing almost all vegetables, such as tomatoes, beets, carrots, cabbage. Crops that are sown in winter feel especially good here.
How to make trench beds
Deep beds can be made only in those areas where groundwater is low, and the area is not flooded throughout the season.
To make a trench bed, you need to dig a hole with a width and depth of at least 40 cm. The distance between the two furrows should be at least 60 cm. A layer of manure should be laid on the bottom, and fertile soil should be poured on top.
The main advantage of such beds is the ability to better retain moisture. Such conditions are suitable for growing cucumbers, beans, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers or cabbage. Plants are protected with covering material.
Among the high and deep beds, another variety is distinguished - warm. Forming them, a layer of at least 40 cm high is placed under a layer of garden soil from any organic waste. Organics rots, releases heat and heats up the topsoil.
To make a warm bed, you need special preparations. They must contain microorganisms, with the help of which the waste rots faster. For example, the drugs "Shine", "Hobbit", "Baikal", "EM-Bio".
How to make beds on a new site
If the beds need to be built on an abandoned site, first of all you need to mow all the grass and dry it.
If there is no desire or opportunity to plow the entire plot, it is better to make permanent beds. To do this, build a rectangular structure, which is installed on the site of the future beds and filled with soil.
A problem may arise on an abandoned site: if you fill the box with earth, plants that remain under the soil can break out from under it. To prevent this from happening, they make a litter on top of the ground before pouring fertile soil into the box. For example, cardboard or mowed grass, matting or straw can be laid at the bottom of the structure. In order for them to rot better, you should pour them with the Radiance preparation.
To fill the beds with soil, you can take soil from your site or fill the frames with purchased fertile soil.
From what improvised means can you build beds
The safest and most affordable material from which fences or boxes for beds are constructed is wood. Durable frame is obtained from ash, oak and larch.
To extend the life of the wooden box, the material is coated with a water-repellent impregnation. It is also best to minimize the contact of soil and water with the frame. To do this, it is necessary to close the tree from the inside with a waterproof material.
Concrete can also be used to fence beds. It is considered a durable material - such a frame can serve for decades. However, unlike wood, it looks less aesthetically pleasing. To make the garden more inviting, concrete can be decorated or tiled, for example.
As a fence for the beds, you can use any safe material at hand: natural stone, plastic bottles, rods, logs, blocks or WPC. It is better not to make the walls of the beds from plywood, iron or slate, as these materials are short-lived.
To make beds and fences beautiful, gardeners usually paint them, cover them with various materials, plant plants in an unusual way, and combine different crops.
What to remember
- Beds can be made temporary or permanent. The shape and dimensions depend on the needs and convenience of the gardener.
- To make a classic garden bed, you will need to dig up part of the site.
- A high bed is one of the most convenient ways to grow plants.
- To build beds, any safe and wear-resistant material will do.
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